SPECIAL GUEST BLOG By Sean Donnelly, Financial Management Mentor, Mentors.ie
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“Navigating our way today in a more competitive environment cannot be accomplished merely by monitoring and controlling financial measures of past performance.” Robert Kaplan.
Traditional financial performance measures are insufficient. Future success will be increasingly influenced by increased focus on intangible assets such as customers, employees, product innovation and systems. Measuring the right things, the right way and taking the right action is the key to running a successful business. This entails defining long term objectives, translating the overall business strategy into a linked set of short-term measures and the mechanisms for achieving them. Linking of departmental & individual responsibilities with systems for feedback, learning and process improvement is key. It is critical to identify those factors which will drive performance (causes, leading indicator) from outcomes (effects, lagging indicator) factors. Unless you can successfully identify, measure and improve the correct key drivers you may be chasing at the outcomes rather than the actual causes.
Three types of performance measures:
1) Key result indicators: these tell the board how management have performed in terms of a critical success factor eg. customer satisfaction, net profit, return on capital employed.
2) Performance indicators: that tell staff and managers what to do, eg. profitability of top 10 customers.
3) Key Performance Indicators: KPIs that tell staff and managers what to do in order to increase performance dramatically eg. analysis of reasons for sales leads not converted.
Typical characteristics of true Key Performance Indicators:
- They are measured frequently, sometimes hourly, daily or weekly depending on the KPI. Monthly measures may be closing the stable door after the horse has bolted.
- They include many non-financial measures.
- They are acted upon regularly by owner/Chief Executive & top management team.
- All employees understand them and what corrective action they indicate.
- Responsibility for KPIs can be attributed to teams or individuals.
- They have a significant impact on the organisation – eg. they affect most of the core critical success factors.
- Positive results on KPIs affect other measures positively.
Examples of KPIs:
- No of orders won, new leads opened, leads progressed to order stage, no of customers trading.
- Market share & trend analysis.
- The cost and effect of marketing, in terms of the numbers of enquiries or leads being generated, orders won and the cost of the leads/orders.
- The conversion rates from prospects and enquiries to secure new business.
- Percentage of customer deliveries on time and in full.
- Customer satisfaction rating, complaints, returns etc.
- Sales breakdown with gross margin by market sector. This could also be shown by product group.
- Key efficiencies of operations processes, including waste & re-works.
- Overhead spending vs budget, sometimes broken down into two or three elements or functions.
- Staff/labour turnover figures.
- Key financial management figures such as debtor days, creditor days, stock levels and cash liquidity.
KPIs may be classified as past, current or future measures. The most important KPIs are current and future measures. The prime purposes of KPIs are to provide knowledge of how to improve the processes and to motivate management and staff to constantly improve processes and performance.
